Filariasis, Definition, Signs, Symptoms, Pathophysiology, Complications Of Filariasis

Filariasis Definition
Filariasis is caused by filaria worm that is transmitted through different types of mosquitoes. these disease are chronically (chronic) and if they do not get treatment may cause disability resides in the form of feet enlargement ,arms, and genitals in men and women.

filariasis

3 Causes of Filariasis or Etiologi of Filariasis

filariasis disease are generally found in tropical areas, the cause is an infection by a parasitic nematode worm that is incorporated in the superfamily filaroida. filariasis is caused by the filarial worms 3 species :

Wuchereria Bacrofti

Brugia Malayi

Brugia Timori

the worm resembles a yarn and life in the human body, especially in the lymph nodes and blood, this worm infection invades the tissue, this parasite is included in the superfamily filaroidea, family onchorcercidae.

these worms can live in the human lymph nodes during the 4-6 years and adult worms in the human body females produce millions of older worms (microfilaria) that circulate in the blood mainly at night.

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Filariasis Pathophysiology

filariasis disease is transmitted through mosquitoes that suck the blood of someone who has contracted the disease earlier. the blood that is infected and contain larvae which will be transmitted to another person at the time of the infected mosquito bite or suck the blood of the people.

filariasis have bifasik life cycle where development of larvae occurs in the mosquito (intermediate host). on the body of infection sufferer begins at a time when mosquitoes bit humans, then the infective larva L3 will come out of the probis, then enter through a mosquito bite scars penetrates the dermis and is moving towards a system of lymph, the L3 larvae will turn into larvae L4 9-14 on the day after the infection and will undergo development into adult worms in 6-12 month, after insemination, the zygote develops into a mikrofilaria.

active adult female worms reproduce for more or less 5 years. the adult worm dwelling vessels of lymph vessels and lead to be dilatasi, thus slowing the flow of lymph fluid.

a large number of adult worms found in lymph channels lower extremity, upper limb and male genitalia. mosquitoes suck blood while simultaneously sucking mikrofilaria. in a few hours, microfilaria through walls of the stomach, releasing a sheath or scabbard and lodged between the thoracic muscles.

at first this parasite retracts resembles sausage and is called a larva stadium 2 (L2) and between days 11 and 13, L2 or L3 larvae transform into interactive. this form is very active, originally migrated to the abdominal cavity then to head and puncture of mosquitoes.

up to this point have been identified 23 species of mosquitoes of the genus mansonia IE : 5. anopheles, culex, aedes and armigeres which vector filariasis.

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The Clinical Manifestations Of The Disease The Filariasis

1. with over and over again during 3-5 days, fever can be lost when a break and appeared again after doing heavy work.
2. the development of lymph nodes (no injuries) in the folds of the thighs, armpits looks pinkish, heat and pain.
3. inflammation of the lymph channels that feels the heat and pain radiating from the base of the foot or the base of the arm toward the toe or the tip of the arm.
4. filarial abscess due to often suffer from swollen lymph nodes, it can be broken out and removing the pus and blood.
5. enlargement of limbs, arms, breasts, the genital are visible erect reddish and feels hot.
6. the clinical symptoms of the chronic from of enlargement which settle on the legs, arms, breasts and genitals.

Filariasis Complications 

• the flaw resides in the affected body part
• limb elephantiasis
• limfedema : the infection of wuchereria on legs and arms, scrotum, genitalia, vagina and breasts valva hidrokel
• kiluria : pee like milk because the leaking or rupture of the lymph channels.

Filariasis Nursing Diagnosis

1. an increase in body temperature associated with inflammation of the lymph nodes
2. pain associated with swelling of the lymph glands
3. low self esteem is associated with changes in physical
4. impaired physical mobility related to swelling of the limbs.
5. the damage to the integrity of the skin associated with bacteria, immune deficits, lesions on the skin

Supporting Filariasis Examination

Diagnostic Examination

a . clinical diagnostics is enforced through the anamnesis and clinical examination. diagnostic clinic is important in determining the number of acute and chronic pain

b. diagnosis parasitologi is enforced with the discovery of blood examination at mikrofilaria kapiler at night

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2. Radiodiagnosis

examination with ultrasonography (ultrasound) in the scrotum and inguinal lymph glands will give an overview of worms that move.

3. Diagnosis of Immunology

by the way immunodiagnosis is expected to support the diagnosis.

How To Prevent Of Filaraisis

1. vector control, eradication of mosquitoes breeding places by means of cleaning of drains.
2. the role of the community or environment is expected to be willing to come in and want to review his blood at night at a time when there is a blood examination activities.

How To Treat A Filariasis

dietikarbamasin is the only drug filarisia a powerful and good for filariasis malayi, or bankrofit are macrofilaricidal and microfilaricidal.

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